OSI reference model explained for beginners • Are you a beginner in the networking world? • Are you shifting your current IT career to become a networking expert? • Are you new to the networking world and want to start from the basics first? Introduction Protocols Protocol Layers Network Interconnection/Internet. -A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices. • Are you a fresher in the networking domain? • Do you want to know what is OSI model all about and how can you easily understand it and remember it through the rest of your networking career? • Do you want to understand the history of OSI model and the functions of the OSI model and the purpose of the OSI model in detail? • Have you started preparing for your CompTIA N+ or Cisco CCENT exam? If your answer is yes then please read this article as the first thing that you will have to understand in the networking domain would be the OSI reference model. This article is for all of you out there who have started your career in the networking domain. All of you who are new to this networked world you must completely know and understand that if you want to understand the bits and pieces of networking than there is no other way to do this other than to study the OSI reference model first. OSI reference model will give you the foundational basics and the core knowledge that you need in order to sustain your career in this networking world. Whatever your end goal is whether you like to get certified in CompTIA N+ certificate or Cisco CCENT or Cisco CCNA for that matter, OSI reference model will build your basics from the scratch and there is no way you can bypass this important step and jump to hardcore commands and configurations directly. Important Features Of OSI Reference Model. Open Systems Interconnection Model OSI Model Explained Now let us understand what exactly do we mean by OSI Reference Model. • Open Systems Interconnection Model was developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). • The main purpose of creating the OSI model is to create interoperability among different systems and to promote vendor-neutral network systems. • It is used as a guide to understanding how data travels across the network. • OSI reference model is a communication model. • All these 7 layers play an important role in the actual network communication that happens between 2 hosts. • OSI model describes how data from one host travels to another host across the network using the physical media. • OSI is a model and not a protocol that you can install in your Windows or Linux machines or in any system for that matter, this is just a reference model to understand how actual network communication happens between 2 hosts. • The layered approach helps you in isolating faults in the network quickly and also helps you to troubleshoot the network issues more easily. • OSI model is used as a reference model to help in understanding how data flows between 2 systems. What is a Host? If you don’t know what a host is then let me explain that to you first before going ahead. A host can be a node on the network which means any system, server, client etc. Can be referred to as a host. OSI Reference Model Explained Important Facts About OSI reference model explained for beginners • The seven layers of the OSI model can be divided into 2 parts, upper layers part and lower layers part, where Layers 5, 6 and 7 come under the upper layers part and layers 1 to 4 come under lower layers. • Upper layers includes the application, presentation, session layers and lower layers include the transport, network, data link and physical layers • Upper layers are responsible for all the transactions that are happening at the host level or at the software or application level. • Lower layers are responsible for the physical transport of data and all the transactions that are taking place physically across the network. • The highest layer 7 is closest to the end user where the end user actually interfaces with the network using the application software. • Each layer in the OSI reference model has a specific role and responsibility that it is responsible for. • OSI model explains to us how hardware and software layers work together in integration to make the network communications possible between 2 hosts. The Seven Layers Of The OSI Reference Model • Layer 7 also known as the Application layer. • Layer 6 also known as the Presentation layer. • Layer 5 also known as the Session layer. • Layer 4 also known as the Transport layer. • Layer 3 also known as the Network layer. • Layer 2 also known as the Data Link layer. • Layer 1 also known as the Physical layer. How does the data flow in the OSI model? Data communication in the OSI model starts from the application layer (top layer) of the layered stack at the sending side. The data then travels down the stack to the sender’s physical layer (lowest, bottom) layer.
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